Spinocerebellar Ataxia (SCA) refers to a group of inherited disorders characterized by progressive problems with coordination due to the degeneration of the cerebellum and sometimes other parts of the central nervous system. The symptoms can vary depending on the specific type of SCA, but common ones include:

1. Problems with Balance and Coordination (Ataxia)

• Gait abnormalities: Unsteady, clumsy walking, difficulty maintaining balance.

• Hand and arm incoordination: Difficulty with fine motor tasks like writing or buttoning shirts.

2. Speech and Swallowing Difficulties (Dysarthria and Dysphagia)

• Slurred or slow speech.

• Difficulty in swallowing, leading to choking or aspiration.

3. Eye Movement Problems

• Nystagmus: Involuntary eye movements.

• Difficulty tracking objects or focusing on things.

4. Muscle Weakness and Stiffness

• Weakness in the limbs, leading to difficulties with movement.

• Stiff or rigid muscles.

5. Cognitive and Mood Changes

• In some forms of SCA, there may be mild cognitive impairment.

• Depression or mood swings are sometimes reported.

6. Tremors

• Shaking or trembling of the limbs.

7. Sensory Issues

• Numbness, tingling, or loss of sensation in the hands and feet.

8. Other Neurological Symptoms

• Spasticity (muscle stiffness), poor reflexes, and in some cases, neuropathy.

SCA is a progressive condition, so symptoms worsen over time. The rate of progression and the specific combination of symptoms depend on the subtype of SCA.